Ystyqtaı sharshy shybyq –osy sala boıynsha eń tanymal túri, daıyndaý qarapaıymdylyǵyn úılestirgen jáne mólsherlerin belgileýdiń eń keń dıapazonynda 6-dan 200 m alý múmkindigi). Úzdiksiz quıylǵan –osy salanyń eń qoljetimdi túri, úzdiksiz quú mashınalarda alatyn, al tek qana, ár túrli ystyq ılemdelgen profılder daıyndaýǵa arnalǵan. Soǵyp sozylǵan – eń berik túri, biraq eń bir qymbat, al kalıbrlengen – neǵurlym naqty mólsherleri boıynsha profıl túri, sýyq ılemdeý ádisimen alynatyn. Bolat sharshy túrli tańbadaǵy bolattan jasalýy múmkin:
- kómirtekti – St3, St20, St35; St45
- tómen qospalanǵan – Bolat 40H, Bolat 40HN;
- joǵary qospalanǵan – 08H18N10; 40HN2MA; 38HN3MA; 14H17N2 jáne t. b.
- jyldam kesetin – Ý7; Ý7A; Ý8A.
Sharshy bolat artyqshylyqtary
Profı osy túriniń artyqshylyqtary arasynda onyń tanylǵan ámbebap sıpattamalary bar, shybyq kóptegen salalarda paıdalanýǵa múmkindik beretin jáne osyndaı kórsetkishter retinde:
- joǵary tehnologıalylyq –sharshy ılem alý nemese basqa tásilmen bólingen úzdiksiz quıylǵan alynatyn ónimder, dóńgelekke qaraǵanda;
- perpendıkýlа́r jazyqtyqta teń beriktiligi;
- ámbebaptylyǵy.
Sharshy bolatty paıdalaný salasy
Bolat sharshynyń qoldaný aıasy sonshalyqty keń, ol ony qurylys jumystary kezinde daıyn buıymdar retinde, sondaı-aq metaldan óndiretin óndirý kezinde shıkizat retinde paıdalanady:
- qalaı ılemniń basqa túrlerin alý úshin daıyndama retinde;
- mashına jasaý ónimderin alý úshin daıyndama retinde – bilik, os, tólke jáne t. b.;
- qurylystaǵy qańqaly qurylystardy, jabyndarda, qorshaýlarda jáne t. b. tireýish elementi retinde
Bolat sharshyny jikteý
Alý ádisine negizgi jikteý týraly biz qazirdiń ózinde joǵaryda aıttyq. Sondaı-aq, sharshy shybyq úshin qosymsha mynadaı jikteýi bar:
Dáldik klastar boıynsha:
- ádettegi dáldik (V1 – V5)
- joǵary dáldik (B1, B2).
Daıyndamanyń uzyndyǵy boıynsha:
- uzyndyǵyn ólshegish (MD) – eń tómengi ólshemdi uzyndyǵy 2 m.
- ólshegish uzyndyǵy ólshemdi emes qosymsha bóligimen (MD1);
- ese ólshegish uzyndyǵy (KD);
- ólshegish uzyndyǵy ólshemdi emes qosymsha bóligimen (MD1);
- ólshemdi emes uzyndyqty (KD);
- oramdarda (NMD).
Sondaı-aq, ılem uzyndyǵy boıynsha taǵy da birneshe az qoldanylatyn túrleri kezdesedi. Tórtburyshty daıyndamanyń ystyqtaı ılemdelgen maksımaldy uzyndyǵy 24 m quraıdy
Qısaıǵan jeri boıynsha:
- I-iV
Sharshy bolatqa qoldanylatyn standarttar
Kóptegen salalarda (MEMST) belgilengen memlekettik deńgeıde normalar men erejelerdi saqtaý qajetti sharty bolyp tabylady, sharshyny alý tásiline ol kelesi standarttarǵa saı reglamentteledi:
- MEMST 2591-2006 – sharshy bolat ystyqtaı
- MEMST 380-2005t – MEMST 380-2005
- MEMST 1133-71 – soǵylǵan bolat sharshy jáne dóńgelek. Suryptama
- MEMST 8559-75 – bolat kalıbrlengen sharshy
Bolat sharshynyń úlgi ólshemderi
Ilem túrleriniń kóp sanyna baılanysty daıyndaý tásili boıynsha, olardyń árqaısysy quramynda úlgi ólshemniń úlken sany bar, asýymen ystyqtaı ılemdelgen, neǵurlym jıi paıdalanylatyn ystyqtaı ılemdelgen profıl ólshemderine toqtalaıyq:
Sharshynyń qabyrǵasy, m |
Qımasynyń aýdany, m |
Masasy 1 q. m., kg |
6 |
36 |
0,283 |
7 |
49 |
0,385 |
8 |
64 |
0,502 |
9 |
81 |
0,636 |
10 |
100 |
0,785 |
11 |
121 |
0,950 |
12 |
144 |
1,130 |
13 |
169 |
1,327 |
14 |
196 |
1,539 |
15 |
225 |
1,766 |
16 |
256 |
2,010 |
17 |
289 |
2,269 |
18 |
324 |
2,543 |
19 |
361 |
2,834 |
20 |
400 |
3,140 |
21 |
441 |
3,462 |
22 |
484 |
3,799 |
23 |
529 |
4,153 |
24 |
576 |
4,522 |
25 |
625 |
4,906 |
26 |
676 |
5,307 |
27 |
729 |
5,723 |
28 |
784 |
6,154 |
29 |
841 |
6,602 |
30 |
900 |
7,065 |
32 |
1024 |
8,038 |
34 |
1156 |
9,075 |
35 |
1225 |
9,616 |
36 |
1296 |
10,174 |
38 |
1444 |
11,335 |
40 |
1600 |
12,560 |
42 |
1764 |
13,847 |
45 |
2025 |
15,896 |
46 |
2116 |
16,611 |
48 |
2304 |
18,086 |
50 |
2500 |
19,625 |
52 |
2704 |
21,226 |
55 |
3025 |
23,746 |
58 |
3364 |
26,407 |
60 |
3600 |
28,260 |
63 |
3969 |
31,157 |
65 |
4225 |
33,166 |
70 |
4900 |
38,465 |
75 |
5625 |
44,156 |
80 |
6400 |
50,240 |
85 |
7225 |
56,716 |
90 |
8100 |
63,585 |
93 |
8649 |
67,895 |
95 |
9025 |
70,846 |
100 |
10000 |
78,500 |
105 |
11025 |
86,546 |
110 |
12100 |
94,985 |
115 |
13225 |
103,816 |
120 |
14400 |
113,040 |
125 |
15625 |
122,656 |
130 |
16900 |
132,665 |
135 |
18225 |
143,066 |
140 |
19600 |
153,860 |
145 |
21025 |
165,046 |
150 |
22500 |
176,625 |
160 |
25600 |
200,960 |
170 |
28900 |
226,865 |
180 |
32400 |
254,340 |
190 |
36100 |
283,385 |
200 |
40000 |
314,000 |