Ilemniń eń tanymal túri. Dıametri 5-ten 270 m sılındr daıyndamany kórsetedi. Daıyndaý dıametri 270 m joǵary, tapsyrys berýshimen kelisim boıynsha shyǵarylady. Neǵurlym suranysqa ıe sheńber ystyqtaı ılemdelgen jáne úzdiksiz quú mashınalarda quúmen alynǵan.
Sheńber artyqshylyqtary
Bolat sheńberdiń birinshi artyqshylyǵy bul onyń joǵary tehnologıalyǵy, óıtkeni sheńber tehnologıalyq túrleriniń biri bolyp sanalady, bul onyń ózindik qunyna tıimdi áser etedi. Bul ılemniń jan-jaqtylyǵy bul ılem jáne onyń ajyramas basym faktory dep qabyldandy dep sanalsyn, óıtkeni osy daıyndamanyń dóńgelek qımasy arqasynda dóńgelek retinde, sondaı-aq kez kelgen ózge de nysandaryn, túrli bólshekterdi alýǵa bolady.
Qoldaný salasy
Sheńber ár túrli ónimder alý úshin bastapqy daıyndama bolyp tabylady, adam tirshiliginiń ár túrli salalarynda keń qoldanady:
- Ilem úshin odan basqa ystyq jáne sýyq ılem – buryshtar, shvelerler, tavrlar, qos tavrlar, ostik daıyndama jáne t.b.
- eń túrli metız óndirisi úshin – bolttardy, somyndar, túıreýishterdi, toıtarmalar jáne t. b.
- sharlaý daıyndaý úshin.
Biraq, sondaı-aq sheńber daıyn ónim retinde paıdalanylady. Mysaly, monolıtti-qańqaly nysandar qurylys salý kezinde armatýra retinde paıdalanady. Shaǵyn dıametrli sheńberden, túrli qorshaýlar, sándik buıymdar, onyń ishinde alatyn soǵý arqyly jasaıdy. Eger aıtqandardy qorytyndylasaq, onda sheńber mashına jasaý, keme jasaý, avtomobıl, qurylys salalarynda keńinen qoldanylady.
Materıal daıyndaý jáne sheńber suryptamasy
MEMST 2590-2006 sáıkes, bolat sheńber kelesi tańbalarda bolattan jasalýy múmkin:
- kómirtekti – St3, St20, St35; St45
- tómen qospalanǵan – Bolat 40H, Bolat 40HN;
- joǵary qospalanǵan – 08H18N10; 38HN3MA; 40HN2MA14H17N2 jáne t. b.
- jyldam kesetin – Ý7; Ý7A; Ý8A.
Sheńberdi negizgi jikteý
Dáldigi boıynsha
- qarapaıym - V1, V2, V3, V4, V5;
- artqan - B1;
- joǵary - A1, A2, A3;
- asa joǵary - AO1;
Uzyndyǵy boıynsha
- ólshegish - MD;
- eselik ólshegish - KD;
- ólshenbeıtin uzyndyǵymen ólshegish - MD1;
- ólshenbeıtin - ND;
- ólshenbeıtin sheginde shektelgen - OD;
- ólshenbeıtin uzyndyǵy shektelgen - OD1;
- oramdarda - NMD;
Qısyǵy boıynsha
Sheńber keıde I – IV klas qısyqtyǵy, naqty derekter tómendegi kestede keltirilgen:
|
Qısyqtyq, % uzyndyǵy, artyq emes |
|||
|
II |
III |
IV |
|
|
25 m deıin qosa alǵanda |
0,2 |
0,5 |
Reglamenttelmeıdi |
Reglamenttelmeıdi |
|
25 m-den joǵary 80 m deıingi qosa alǵanda |
0,4 |
0,45 |
0,5 |
|
|
80 m-den 200-ge deıin qosa alǵanda |
0,25 |
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Sheńber shybyqtarda jasalady (dıametri 9 m-den astam) jáne oramdarda (dıametri 9 m deıin). Ilem uzyndyǵyn daıyndaıdy:
- 2-12 m – kómirtekti jáne tómen qospalanǵan bolat;
- 2-6 m – sapaly kómirtekti jáne qospalanǵan bolat;
- 1-6 m – joǵary qospalanǵan bolat;
Bolat sheńberdiń úlgi ólshemderi
Daıyndaý tásili boıynsha sheńber túrleriniń kóp sanyna baılanysty (ystyqtaı, sýyqtaı ılemdelgen, quıylǵan) úlgi ólshemderiniń úlken ólshemin qamtıtyn sanymen ystyqtaı ılemdelgen sheńberde jıi paıdalanylatyn retinde toqtalaıyq.
Dıametri, m |
Kóldeneń qımasynyń aýdany, sm² |
1 m ılem uzyndyǵynyń salmaǵy, kg |
| 5 | 0,196 | 0,154 |
| 5,5 | 0,237 | 0,187 |
| 6 | 0,283 | 0,222 |
| 6,3 | 0,312 | 0,245 |
| 6,5 | 0,332 | 0,261 |
| 7 | 0,385 | 0,302 |
| 8 | 0,502 | 0,395 |
| 9 | 0,636 | 0,5 |
| 10 | 0,785 | 0,617 |
| 11 | 0,95 | 0,747 |
| 12 | 1,13 | 0,888 |
| 13 | 1,327 | 1,043 |
| 14 | 1,539 | 1,209 |
| 15 | 1,766 | 1,388 |
| 16 | 2,01 | 1,58 |
| 17 | 2,269 | 1,783 |
| 18 | 2,543 | 1,999 |
| 19 | 2,834 | 2,227 |
| 20 | 3,14 | 2,468 |
| 21 | 3,462 | 2,721 |
| 22 | 3,799 | 2,986 |
| 23 | 4,153 | 3,264 |
| 24 | 4,522 | 3,554 |
| 25 | 4,906 | 3,856 |
| 26 | 5,307 | 4,171 |
| 27 | 5,723 | 4,498 |
| 28 | 6,154 | 4,837 |
| 29 | 6,602 | 5,189 |
| 30 | 7,065 | 5,553 |
| 31 | 7,544 | 5,929 |
| 32 | 8,038 | 6,318 |
| 33 | 8,549 | 6,719 |
| 34 | 9,075 | 7,133 |
| 35 | 9,616 | 7,558 |
| 36 | 10,174 | 7,996 |
| 37 | 10,747 | 8,447 |
| 38 | 11,335 | 8,91 |
| 39 | 11,94 | 9,385 |
| 40 | 12,56 | 9,872 |
| 41 | 13,196 | 10,372 |
| 42 | 13,847 | 10,884 |
| 43 | 14,515 | 11,409 |
| 44 | 15,198 | 11,945 |
| 45 | 15,896 | 12,494 |
| 46 | 16,611 | 13,056 |
| 47 | 17,341 | 13,63 |
| 48 | 18,086 | 14,216 |
| 49 | 18,848 | 14,814 |
| 50 | 19,625 | 15,425 |
| 51 | 20,418 | 16,048 |
| 52 | 21,226 | 16,684 |
| 53 | 22,051 | 17,332 |
| 54 | 22,891 | 17,992 |
| 55 | 23,746 | 18,665 |
| 56 | 24,618 | 19,349 |
| 58 | 26,407 | 20,756 |
| 60 | 28,26 | 22,212 |
| 62 | 30,175 | 23,718 |
| 63 | 31,157 | 24,489 |
| 65 | 33,166 | 26,069 |
| 67 | 35,239 | 27,698 |
| 68 | 36,298 | 28,531 |
| 70 | 38,465 | 30,233 |
| 72 | 40,694 | 31,986 |
| 73 | 41,833 | 32,88 |
| 75 | 44,156 | 34,707 |
| 78 | 47,759 | 37,539 |
| 80 | 50,24 | 39,489 |
| 82 | 52,783 | 41,488 |
| 85 | 56,716 | 44,579 |
| 87 | 59,417 | 46,701 |
| 90 | 63,585 | 49,978 |
| 92 | 66,442 | 52,224 |
| 95 | 70,846 | 55,685 |
| 97 | 73,861 | 58,054 |
| 100 | 78,5 | 61,701 |
| 105 | 86,546 | 68,025 |
| 110 | 94,985 | 74,658 |
| 115 | 103,816 | 81,6 |
| 120 | 113,04 | 88,849 |
| 125 | 122,656 | 96,408 |
| 130 | 132,665 | 104,275 |
| 135 | 143,066 | 112,45 |
| 140 | 153,86 | 120,934 |
| 145 | 165,046 | 129,726 |
| 150 | 176,625 | 138,827 |
| 155 | 188,596 | 148,237 |
| 160 | 200,96 | 157,955 |
| 165 | 213,716 | 167,981 |
| 170 | 226,865 | 178,316 |
| 175 | 240,406 | 188,959 |
| 180 | 254,34 | 199,911 |
| 185 | 268,666 | 211,172 |
| 190 | 283,385 | 222,741 |
| 195 | 298,496 | 234,618 |
| 200 | 314 | 246,804 |
| 210 | 346,185 | 272,101 |
| 220 | 379,94 | 298,633 |
| 230 | 415,265 | 326,398 |
| 240 | 452,16 | 355,398 |
| 250 | 490,625 | 385,631 |
| 260 | 530,66 | 417,099 |
| 270 | 572,265 | 449,8 |
